Background Path integration (PI) is a navigational computation that can be affected by aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Virtual-reality PI (VR-PI) preferentially engages medial temporal circuits and can reveal subtle changes that occur prior...

Objectives To investigate trajectories of regional brain volume changes in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and their potential utility as surrogate markers of disease progression in the cerebellar subtype (MSA-C). Background Reliable biomarkers for tracking...

Introduction Recent studies have reported that essential tremor (ET) presents with not only motor symptoms but also cognitive dysfunction. However, detailed pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the characteristics of cognitive changes in...

Background Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) develops along with status epilepticus and widespread subcortical white matter edema. We aimed to evaluate the epileptic foci and networks in two patients...

Introduction Olfactory dysfunction and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are associated with distinct cognitive trajectories in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The underlying neurobiology for this relationship remains unclear but may involve distinct...

Introduction Connector hubs are specialized brain regions that connect multiple brain networks and therefore have the potential to affect the functions of multiple systems. This study aims to examine the involvement of connector hub...

Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibits divergent cognitive trajectories; however, the factors contributing to these variations remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the clinical features of patients with different long-term cognitive trajectories in de...

Cognitive and movement processes involved integration of several large-scale brain networks. Central to these integrative processes are connector hubs, brain regions characterized by strong connections with multiple networks. Growing evidence suggests that many neurodegenerative...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: West syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by epileptic spasms, neurodevelopmental regression, and a specific EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia. Our aim was to investigate the brain activities related to hypsarrhythmia...

Background Schizophrenia is considered a brain connectivity disorder in which functional integration within the brain fails. Central to the brain’s integrative function are connector hubs, brain regions characterized by strong connections with multiple networks....

Objective Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy ameliorates symptoms in patients with essential tremor (ET). How this treatment affects canonical brain networks has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to clarify...

Accumulating evidence from anatomical and neuroimaging studies suggests that the cerebellum is engaged in a variety of motor and cognitive tasks. Given its various functions, a key question is whether the cerebellum also plays an important...

The aging brain undergoes structural changes even in very healthy individuals. Quantifying these changes could help disentangle pathologic changes from those associated with the normal human aging process. Using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

To understand the mechanisms underlying preserved and impaired cognitive function in healthy aging and dementia, respectively, the spatial relationships of brain networks and mechanisms of their resilience should be understood. The hub regions of...

Background We aimed to investigate electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings to elucidate the interictal epileptiform discharge (IED)-related functional alterations in deep brain structures and the neocortex in childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes...

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has been utilized to visualize large-scale brain networks. We evaluated the usefulness of multitier network analysis using rs-fMRI in patients with focal epilepsy. Structural and rs-fMRI data were retrospectively evaluated...

Purpose: Maintenance of cognitive performance is important for healthy aging. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between brain networks and cognitive function in subjects maintaining relatively good cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 120 subjects,...

The thalamus is critical for the brain’s integrative hub functions; however, the localization and characterization of the different thalamic hubs remain unclear. Using a voxel-level network measure called functional connectivity overlap ratio (FCOR), we...

Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron involvement. Although olfactory dysfunction has been described in ALS, clinicoradiological features associated with the olfactory dysfunction remain poorly understood.  Methods: We...

Introduction The role of the cerebellum in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has attracted increasing attention; however, the role of functional connectivity (FC) between the basal ganglia and particular cerebellar subregions remains to be elucidated. We...